Admission Test for Dental Hygiene (ATDH) Practice

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Prepare for the Admission Test for Dental Hygiene (ATDH) with our comprehensive quiz. Enhance your knowledge with questions covering all exam sections. Each question includes detailed explanations to aid your understanding and readiness for the exam.

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What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Dismantling waste within the cell
Lipid synthesis
Protein transport and export
Energy production

The correct answer is: Protein transport and export

The Golgi apparatus plays a vital role in the processing, sorting, and transporting of proteins and lipids within the cell. It modifies proteins synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and packages them into vesicles for transport to their destinations, which can include secretion outside the cell, incorporation into the cell membrane, or delivery to various organelles. This function of the Golgi apparatus is essential for maintaining cellular functions and ensuring that proteins are properly prepared for their specific roles within or outside the cell. In contrast, dismantling waste within the cell typically falls under the function of peroxisomes and lysosomes, which break down cellular debris and unwanted materials. Lipid synthesis is primarily the responsibility of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which is involved in the production of lipids and hormones. Energy production is chiefly conducted by mitochondria, where cellular respiration occurs to generate ATP, the energy currency of the cell. Thus, the role of the Golgi apparatus in protein transport and export distinctly sets it apart from the functions associated with the other options.