What does the term "scaling" refer to in dental hygiene practice?

Scaling refers to the process of removing plaque and calculus from teeth surfaces, which is a fundamental aspect of dental hygiene practice. Plaque is a soft, sticky substance made up of bacteria, food particles, and saliva that forms on teeth, while calculus, or tartar, is hardened plaque that accumulates over time if not removed. The buildup of plaque and calculus can lead to periodontal disease, cavities, and other oral health issues. Therefore, scaling is crucial for maintaining gum health and preventing these conditions.

In contrast, the act of polishing teeth is more focused on aesthetics, enhancing the appearance of the teeth after scaling has been performed. Evaluating gum health using a probe is a diagnostic procedure used to assess the depth of periodontal pockets but does not involve the physical removal of deposits from the teeth. The application of fluoride is a preventative measure aimed at strengthening enamel and preventing decay, rather than a mechanical cleaning procedure. Thus, scaling is distinctively recognized for its role in directly cleaning the surfaces of the teeth.