What can cause periodontal disease if not properly managed?

Poor oral hygiene is a primary factor that can lead to the development of periodontal disease if not properly managed. The accumulation of plaque and tartar due to inadequate brushing and flossing creates an environment where harmful bacteria can thrive, leading to inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) and, if left untreated, progression to periodontitis, which involves the loss of supporting structures of the teeth, potentially resulting in tooth loss.

Maintaining appropriate oral hygiene practices, such as brushing at least twice a day, flossing daily, and using antibacterial mouthwash, helps to eliminate food particles and plaque buildup. This control of oral bacteria is crucial in preventing the onset and progression of periodontal disease.

The impact of other options varies; while excessive brushing can potentially cause gum recession or enamel wear, it does not directly lead to periodontal disease. Regular dental visits are a preventive measure that aids in the early detection and management of periodontal issues, while the consumption of hard foods is not a significant factor for the disease's occurrence but may affect dental fractures or damage. Thus, the emphasis on poor oral hygiene as a primary cause is key to understanding the underlying mechanisms of periodontal disease.