Name the primary bacteria associated with dental caries.

The primary bacteria associated with dental caries is Streptococcus mutans. This bacterium is particularly adept at adhering to tooth surfaces and forming biofilms, also known as dental plaque. It ferments sugars present in the diet, producing acids that demineralize tooth enamel, leading to the formation of cavities.

S. mutans is a key player in the caries process due to its ability to thrive in acidic environments and its capacity for acid production, which is detrimental to dental health. Other bacteria like Lactobacillus may also contribute to carious processes, particularly in deeper caries, but S. mutans is recognized as the primary initiator of the caries process.

In contrast, Staphylococcus aureus is typically associated with infections outside of dental health, and Escherichia coli mainly relates to gastrointestinal health. While Lactobacillus is involved in the progression of caries, it does not initiate the process as effectively as S. mutans does. Understanding the role of these bacteria is crucial for preventing and managing dental caries effectively.