How does diabetes typically affect periodontal health?

Diabetes has a significant impact on periodontal health, particularly through its association with dry mouth and a diminished immune response to infections. Individuals with diabetes often experience xerostomia (dry mouth), which can result from both the condition itself and certain medications used to manage diabetes. Saliva is crucial for oral health as it helps wash away food particles, neutralizes acids produced by bacteria, and includes antimicrobial properties. Reduced saliva flow increases the risk of plaque accumulation, leading to gum disease.

Furthermore, diabetes can impair the body’s ability to fight infections, including those that affect the periodontal tissues. Elevated blood sugar levels can create an environment conducive to the proliferation of harmful bacteria in the mouth, exacerbating inflammation and tissue destruction associated with periodontal disease. Therefore, the interplay of these factors contributes to the prevalence of periodontal issues among people with diabetes.